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Socio Demographic Predictors of First Union Age in Transitional Societies

In many countries, marriage ages are set by a web of cultural standards, financial considerations, and legal systems that mostly influence women. Despite a gradual national trend towards delayed marriage, child and early marriage remain deeply entrenched in Pakistan, particularly in rural and low-income regions.   This paper examines the interrelated roles of education, urbanisation, and legal reforms in the changing trends of marriage age in Pakistan.   Particularly for females, the primary objective is to understand how these factors influence the timing of marriage and evaluate the effectiveness of existing policy measures.   The study employs a qualitative and data-driven methodology, utilising legislative analysis, UNICEF reports, and national survey datasets, including the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (2017–18).   The findings indicate a significant negative correlation between early marriage and the educational attainment of girls; urbanisation further contributes by introducing individuals to contemporary values, enhanced educational opportunities, and employment prospects.   However, significant disparities exist: urban-rural divides, socioeconomic inequality, and inadequate policy implementation all contribute to the perpetuation of child marriage practices in various countries.   Despite the potential of provincial initiatives such as Sindh’s 2019 legal reform, social resistance and enforcement deficiencies curtail their effectiveness.   The study concludes that delaying the marriage age in Pakistan necessitates a comprehensive strategy encompassing community engagement, equitable urban development, robust legal frameworks, and accessible education for all females.   This study contributes to the policy discourse on promoting gender equality, protecting children’s rights, and achieving Sustainable Development Goal 5.3 by emphasising the interplay between structural and cultural factors.