This study delves into the figures portrayed in Huang Gongwang’s Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains, exploring their artistic and symbolic significance. Employing visual analysis as the primary research method, it examines the interaction between these figures and the surrounding landscape, as well as the potential philosophical connotations conveyed by their presence. Through cultural semiotics, these figures are interpreted as symbols of literati’s seclusion and transcendence ideals, reflecting Huang Gongwang’s personal life experiences. The paper concludes that the figures in the painting transcend their individual identities, embodying the collective concept of literati artists and their relationship with nature, thus facilitating a deeper understanding of the cultural and philosophical dimensions embedded in this art masterpiece.