This paper examines the potential for renewable energy development within the context of the global energy transition in the Middle East and Africa (MEA). The region, characterized by abundant solar and wind resources, faces both opportunities and challenges in shifting away from its traditional reliance on fossil fuels. This study synthesizes existing literature, analyzes relevant data, and employs a mixed-methods approach to assess the current state of renewable energy adoption, identify key drivers and barriers, and explore future pathways for sustainable energy development. Findings indicate that while significant progress has been made in some countries, substantial policy, financial, and infrastructural hurdles remain. The paper concludes by offering recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders to accelerate the energy transition and unlock the region’s vast renewable energy potential.