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Correlates of Instructional Effectiveness: The Role of Administrators’ Supervision Practices

This research investigated how the supervisory methods used by school administrators influence the classroom performance of teachers within the public school system of Quirino’s First District. Province during the School Year 2025–2026. This research aimed to evaluate the depth of various supervisory methods, specifically focusing on instructional, clinical, administrative, and environmental support frameworks. Simultaneously, it measured the professional performance of educators by analyzing their IPCRF scores across three key domains: subject matter expertise (pedagogy), classroom atmosphere management, and curriculum design.

To investigate these connections, the study utilized a descriptive-correlational quantitative model. The participant pool consisted of 287 public school educators, identified through a stratified random sampling process across the Diffun I, Diffun II, Saguday, and Cabarroguis districts. Information was gathered using a customized survey on supervision alongside official performance ratings. To interpret the findings, the analysis employed weighted means, Pearson’s r for relationship testing, and multiple regression to determine predictive factors. Findings showed that administrators consistently practiced instructional supervision across all domains, with administrative and environmental/supportive supervision receiving the highest ratings. Teachers demonstrated an outstanding level of instructional effectiveness across all indicators. However, correlation results indicated generally weak relationships between supervision practices and instructional effectiveness. Only administrative supervision showed a significant but weak positive relationship with teachers’ content knowledge and pedagogy. Regression analysis further revealed that administrative supervision was the only significant predictor of instructional effectiveness, although its predictive power was minimal. Overall, the findings suggest that while supervisory practices are consistently implemented, they exert limited influence on teachers’ instructional effectiveness. Apart from the core supervisory practices, other contributors such as teacher motivation, as well as continuous growth opportunities, and organizational climate, may play more significant roles in shaping teacher performance. The study highlights the need to strengthen developmental and mentoring-oriented supervision to better support teacher growth and instructional improvement.