Flooding is one of the most devastating natural disasters in the world. Nigeria has recorded several incidences of flood lately in which uncountable lives and properties were lost. Several factors factor have been identified as the major causes of flooding. The main types of flood categorized by their causes are: Fluvial, pluvial and flash floods. These may be natural or anthropogenic. Fluvial floods occur when rivers overflow their banks into neighboring lands as a result of excessive rainfall or release of water from dams. Pluvial occur when heavy rain overwhelm hydraulic structures and artificial catchments causing overflows to the surrounding and this is mainly due to urbanisation while Flash flood are triggered by heavy rainfall or failure of hydraulic structure in short duration. Nigeria has suffered the worst flooding lately because of lack of hydraulic structures and climate change aggravated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities because of poor land use and waste management practices. The major dams in Nigeria are easily overwhelmed by rainfall and this is worsened by lack of buffer dam (Dasin Hausa Dam) to the Lagdo dam which Nigeria has not built. Flood mitigation can be structural or non-structural with former being the provision of hydraulic infrastructures like dam, canals etc. while the latter is efficient land use management practices such as good urban planning. Flood risk management can be achieved through mapping and modeling and this can be performed with water Resources models, geospatial and GIS or machine learning techniques. These techniques are still facing challenges bordering on complexities and erroneous model outputs. However, collaboration, coupling/integration and data update can be applied for enhancing flood risk management.