This study examined the effects of armed banditry on food security in Katsina State, Nigeria. Specifically, it assessed the drivers of banditry, its impacts on the four pillars of food security—availability, access, utilization, and stability—and the effectiveness of government interventions. The study adopted a mixed-methods research design, combining cross-sectional survey and qualitative approaches. A sample of 400 respondents was selected from seven highly affected local government areas using multistage sampling techniques, alongside 27 key informant interviews with security officials, community leaders, and agricultural officers. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and interview guides. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis, while qualitative data were subjected to thematic content analysis. Findings revealed that armed banditry has significantly reduced agricultural output through farmland abandonment, livestock losses, displacement of farming households, and market disruptions, resulting in higher food prices and widespread household food insecurity. The study further found that although government interventions have yielded limited short-term security gains, they remain largely ineffective in restoring sustainable food security. The study concludes that armed banditry and food insecurity in Katsina State are mutually reinforcing, reflecting deeper failures of governance and rural development. It recommends an integrated strategy combining improved security governance, livelihood restoration, agricultural support, and community-based conflict management to break the cycle of violence and hunger.