In today’s knowledge-driven economy, an organization’s greatest asset is no longer its physical infrastructure but the capacity, competence, and commitment of its people. Human capital development has emerged as a strategic imperative for enhancing employee performance and sustaining institutional effectiveness. This study explores the impact of training and career development on employee performance at the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), Abuja. Using a descriptive survey research design and a census of all 242 employees, primary data were collected via structured questionnaires, with 228 valid responses analysed using multiple regression through EViews 12. The results show that both training and career development significantly influence employee performance, with career development having a notably stronger effect. The regression model yielded an R-squared value of 0.9704, indicating that 97.04% of the variation in employee performance is explained by the two variables. These findings affirm the relevance of human capital theory and underscore the necessity for continuous investment in workforce development. The study recommends that NCC adopt structured training initiatives and implement a strategic career development framework to foster employee motivation, efficiency, and long-term organisational growth.