The contamination of aquatic foods by toxic metals poses significant public health concerns due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential adverse health effects. This study evaluated the concentrations of selected toxic metals in catfish (Clarias gariepinus) sold in Mokwa Town, Niger State, Nigeria. Fresh catfish samples were collected from major markets within the study area and analyzed for toxic metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn), using standard analytical procedures. The results revealed varying concentrations of the metals across the sampled fish. Essential metals such as Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu were detected within acceptable ranges, while the concentrations of Pb and Cd in some samples exceeded the permissible limits recommended by international food safety agencies. Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI), and Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) were employed to assess potential health risks associated with fish consumption. The risk assessment indicated that non-carcinogenic risks were generally within acceptable limits for most metals; however, continuous consumption of contaminated fish may increase the risk of toxic metal accumulation and associated health complications. The study highlights the need for regular monitoring of toxic metals in fish and aquatic environments within Mokwa and its environs to ensure food safety and protect public health.

Keywords: Catfish, Toxic Metals, Health Risk Assessment, Mokwa, Nigeria.