This theoretical piece of work examines how automation and production scheduling affect manufacturing productivity in the industry 4.0 setting. Basing on the Resource-Based View, Lean Manufacturing, Theory of Constraints, and Industry 4.0 theories, the paper conceptualizes automation and scheduling as multidimensional variables, and manufacturing productivity as a unidimensional result. The important dimensions of automation are process, information, decision and quality control automation whereas production scheduling are job, resource, time and dynamic scheduling. The study is developed by applying the conceptual research focusing on a thematic synthesis of secondary literature, which allows developing an integrated model of the relationships between automation and scheduling strategies and their impact on productivity. The results show that automation enhances precision, resource utilization and efficiency and intelligent scheduling enhances organization of the workflow, reduction of cycle time and resource management. Automation and scheduling are synergizing to create flexibility and improve the quality of outputs. The study then suggests to reinforce the automation infrastructure, deploying real-time data-driven scheduling systems, investing in employee training, and enhancing hybrid conceptual and empirical productivity models. The article is useful to theory, management practice, and policymaking in the modern manufacturing systems.