Employee productivity in the banking sector is heavily influenced by workplace conditions, particularly the effectiveness of health and safety management systems (HSMS). In Delta State, Nigeria, deposit money banks (DMBs) are critical to financial stability, yet employees often face occupational hazards including stress, long working hours, poor ergonomics, and exposure to robbery-related risks. Despite existing policies and regulatory frameworks, the extent to which HSMS influence employee productivity in this context remains underexplored. This study investigated the relationship between HSMS and employee productivity in DMBs in Delta State, focusing on incident occurrence levels, workplace hazard identification, and compliance with safety regulations. A descriptive survey design was adopted, with 300 respondents drawn from selected DMBs using stratified random sampling; 255 questionnaires were validly retrieved (85% response rate). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression techniques via SPSS version 25 and EViews 9.0. Findings revealed that incident occurrence levels had no significant effect on employee productivity (β = 0.044, p = 0.300), suggesting organizational resilience buffers acute incident impacts. However, workplace hazard identification (β = 0.138, p = 0.008) and compliance with safety regulations (β = 0.160, p = 0.010) both significantly and positively influenced productivity. The model explained 62.1% of variance in employee productivity (R² = 0.621; F = 5.54, p = 0.001). The study concludes that proactive hazard identification and regulatory compliance are critical drivers of workforce performance in the banking sector and recommends their strategic integration into organizational culture