This study assessed the socio-economic characteristics and major challenges faced by fish farmers in the Abakaliki and Afikpo North Local Government Areas of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 100 fish farmers using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics. The findings showed that most respondents were aged 21- 40 years, predominantly male, and fairly well educated, with Abakaliki recording a higher proportion of tertiary-educated farmers. Most farmers had less than five years of experience, indicating that fish farming is still relatively new in the study area. Concrete pond systems were the most common production structure, suggesting semi-intensive management. Information was mainly shared through word of mouth, while access to formal extension services was limited. Financing largely depended on personal savings because credit access was limited. Major constraints included high feed costs, difficulty in fish marketing, limited access to credit, and weak government support. Although the socio-economic profile of farmers appears favorable for aquaculture expansion, persistent institutional and market barriers continue to limit productivity. Strengthening extension services, improving access to affordable inputs and credit, and enhancing market linkages are necessary to support sustainable fish farming in the area.