This paper explores the pivotal role of history education in fostering national identity and citizenship values in a pluralistic society. History education serves as a bridge connecting past events with present realities, enabling learners to understand the shared experiences, struggles, and achievements that shape a nation’s identity. It cultivates a sense of belonging, patriotism, and respect for national symbols and institutions. Furthermore, through critical engagement with historical narratives, students develop civic competencies such as tolerance, democratic participation, and social responsibility. In a multicultural context like Nigeria, history education also contributes to national integration by promoting intergroup understanding and dispelling ethnocentric biases. However, the marginalization of history in school curricula has weakened its impact. The study recommends the revitalization of history education as a core component of national development, emphasizing inclusive narratives, critical thinking, and active citizenship. By embedding history education in both formal and informal learning systems, nations can strengthen civic identity, social cohesion, and democratic culture.